William Sayers – Bibliography

The articles and notes listed below are all included in the MLA International Bibliography, where additional pertinent cataloguing information will be found.  To complement the various sorting capabilities of the MLA database, it seemed useful to provide a listing organized in terms of language, community, and historical period.  As many of the articles treat of medieval cultures in contact, there are a number of subheadings, e.g., Anglo-Norman and Irish. In each section, articles are listed by year of publication and thereafter alphabetically.  At the end, a number of recent works on maritime topics are relisted chronologically, book-length translations are noted, and some English and other word studies are listed.



The overall organization is as follows:

MEDIEVAL LATIN

ROMANCE
    French, Anglo-Norman
    French, Anglo-Norman, and Breton, Welsh
    Anglo-Norman and Irish
    Anglo-Norman and Norse
    Italian
    Spanish
    Catalan

CELTIC
    Gaulish
    Welsh
    Irish

    Irish and Norse
 
GERMANIC
    German
    Norse
    Old & Middle English

PREMODERN AND MODERN
JAMES JOYCE
NON-REFEREED SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATIONS
SHIPS AND THE SEA IN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
TRANSLATIONS
ETYMOLOGIES AND WORD HISTORIES



MEDIEVAL LATIN

The Etymology of Late Latin malina 'spring tide' and ledo 'neap tide.'  Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch 40 (2005): 35-43.

A Nautical Term in Vegetius's De re militari: Classical Antecedents and Medieval Heritage. Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch (forthcoming).

Celtic Kingship Motifs Associated with Bishop Aidan of Lindisfarne in Bede's Historia Ecclesiastica (under review).


ROMANCE

French, Anglo-Norman

The Beginnings and Early Development of Old French Historiography. Dissertation Abstracts 27 (1967): 3850A-B.

OFr. s'esterchir: Horses Rearing and Rearing Horses. Romanische Forschungen 106 (1994): 219-26.

Governal ert en un esqoi: A Note on Béroul's Roman de Tristan. Romance Quarterly 44 (1997): 195-99.

Ancien judéo-français étupé 'ayant un prépuce, incirconcis': glose biblique - et insulte religieuse? Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 115 (1999): 234-43.

Some Problems of Technical Vocabulary in the Tristan Corpus:  Archery (Béroul), Seafaring (Thomas). Tristania 22 (2003): 1-22.

Naval Architecture in Marie de France's Guigemar.  Germanisch-Romanische Monatsschrift 54 (2004): 379-91.

Arthur's Embarkation for Gaul in a Fresh Translation of Wace's Roman de Brut. Romance Notes  46 (2006): 143-56.

A Critical Appraisal of Sailing Scenes in New Editions of Le Conte de Floire et Blancheflor, La Vie de Saint Gilles, le Roman de Tristan and the Folies Tristan.  Nottingham French Studies 45 (2006): 86-103.

Illusion and Anticlericalism in a Scene from Le Conte de Floire et Blanchefleur.  Neophilologus 90 (2006): 209-14.

Naval Tactics at Battle of Zierikzee (1304) in the Light of Mediterranean Praxis.  Journal of Medieval Military History 4 (2006): 74-90.

"Rollant ferit en une perre bise": Of Stones, Bread, and Birches.  Journal of Indo-European Studies 34 (2006): 363-80.

Norse Horses in Chrétien de Troyes, Romania 125 (2007): 132-47.

Brewing Ale in Walter of Bibbesworth’s 13 c. French Treatise for English Housewives. Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia (forthcoming).

 

Flax and Linen in Walter of Bibbesworth’s 13 c. French Treatise for English Housewives (under review).

The Genealogy of Haggis (under review).

Learning French in a Late Thirteenth-Century English Bake-House (under review).


French, Anglo-Norman, and Breton, Welsh

Bisclavret in Marie de France: A Reply. Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies 4 (1982): 77-82.

The Jongleur Taillefer at Hastings: Antecedents and Literary Fate. Viator 14 (1983): 77-88.

La Joie de la Cort (Érec et Énide), Mabon, and Early Irish síd ['peace; Otherworld']. Arthuriana 17 (2007): 10-27.

Kay the Seneschal, Tester of Men: The Evolution from Archaic Function to Medieval Character. Bulletin Bibliographique de la Société Internationale Arthurienne (forthcoming).

 
French, Anglo-Norman, and Irish

The Patronage of La Conquęte d'Irlande. Romance Philology 21 (1967): 34-41.

`Go West, Young Man': An Anglo-Norman Chronicle in 13th Century Ireland. Florilegium 6 (1984): 119-36.

Anglo-Norman Verse on New Ross and its Founder. Irish Historical Studies 28 (1992): 113-23.

Marie de France's Chievrefoil, Hazel Rods, and the Ogam Letters Coll and Uillenn.  Arthuriana 14 (2004): 3-16.

Avian Wild Men: Merlin in his Mew, Tristan as Picou.  Mediaevalia (forthcoming).

Monsters on Call: Celtic Analogues of Chrétien's Giant Herdsman (Yvain) and Loathly Damsel (Le Conte du Graal) (under review).
 

Anglo-Norman and Norse

Rummaret de Wenelande: A Geographic Note to Wace's Brut. Romance Philology 18 (1964): 46-53.

Norse Nautical Terminology in Twelfth-Century Anglo-Norman Verse. Romanische Forschungen 109 (1997): 383-426.

Textual Evidence for Spilling Lines in the Rigging of Medieval Scandinavian Keels. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 28 (1999): 343-54.

OFr. atoivre `nautical accoutrements, fittings'.  Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 103 (2002): 103-08.

Ships and Sailors in Gaimar's Estoire des EngleisModern Language Review 98 (2003): 299-310.

Lexical Evidence for Medieval Trade in Precious Materials: Old French rohal, Middle English roel `walrus (and narwhal?) ivory.'   NOWELE 43 (2004): 101-19.

Twelfth-Century Norman and Irish Textual Evidence for Ship-Building and Sea-Faring Techniques of Scandinavian Origin.  The Heroic Age 8 (2005), at <<www.heroicage.org/issues/8/sayers.html>>.

Le Far de Meschins - The Strait of Messina: Origin of the Toponymical Term.  Journal of Romance Studies (forthcoming).

 

Italian

Dante's Venetian Shipyard Scene (Inf. 21), Barratry, and Maritime Law.   Quaderni d'Italianistica 22 (2001): 57-79.

Sea-changes in the Roman de Tristan of Thomas and Dante's bufera infernal (Inferno 5). Romance Quarterly 51 (2004): 67-71.

"Or da poggia, or da orza" (Purg. 32): Nautical Deixis in Dante's CommediaThe Romanic Review 96 (2005): 67-84.
 

Spanish

Swagger and Sashay: An Etymology for Sp. majo/maja.  Romance Notes 44 (2004): 293-98.

An Unnoticed Early Attestation of gringo: Implications for its Origin.  Bulletin of Spanish Studies (forthcoming).

Spanish flamenco: Origin, Loan Translation, and In- and Out-Group Evolution (Romani, Caló, Castilian). Romance Notes (forthcoming).

Mexican mano and vato: Romani and Caló Origins (under review).

Catalan

The Lexicon of Naval Tactics in Muntaner's Crňnica. The Catalan Review 17 (2003): 177-91.  To be reprinted in Medieval Ships and Warfare, ed. Susan Rose, The International Library of Essays in Military History, ed. Jeremy Black (London: Ashgate, 2008).
 
The Use of Quicklime in Medieval Naval Warfare.  The Mariner's Mirror 92 (2006): 262-69.


CELTIC

Gaulish

Sails in the North: Further Linguistic Considerations.  The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 33 (2004): 348-50.

Welsh

Teithi Hen, Gúaire mac Áedáin, Grettir Ásmundarson: The King’s Debility, the Shore, the Blade.  Studia Celtica 41 (2007): 161-69.

Irish

Three Charioteering Gifts in Mesca Ulad and Táin Bó Cúalnge: immorchor delend, foscul dírich, léim dar boilg. Ériu 32 (1981): 163-67.

Conall's Welcome to Cet in Scéla Mucce Meic Dathó. Florilegium 4 (1982): 100-08.

Martial Feats in the Old Irish Ulster Cycle. Canadian Journal of Irish Studies 9 (1983): 45-80.

Old Irish Fert, `Tie-pole', Fertas `Swingletree', and the Seeress Fedelm. Études Celtiques 21 (1984): 171-83.

Fergus and the Cosmogonic Sword. History of Religions 25 (1985): 30-56.

The Mythology of Loch Neagh. Mankind Quarterly 26 (1985): 111-35.

The Smith and the Hero: Culann and Cú Chulainn. Mankind Quarterly 25 (1985): 227-60.

Bargaining for the Life of Bres in Cath Maige Tuired. Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 34 (1986): 26-40.

Mani Maidi an Nem ... : Ringing Changes on a Cosmic Motif. Ériu 37 (1986): 99-117.

The Bound and the Binding: The Lyre in Early Ireland. In Proceedings of the First North American Congress of Celtic Studies, 1986. Ed. Gordon W. MacLennan. Ottawa: Chair of Celtic Studies, University of Ottawa, 1988. Pp. 365-85.

Cerrce, an Archaic Epithet of the Dagda, Cernnunos, and Conall Cernach. The Journal of Indo-European Studies 16 (1988): 341-64.

Irish Evidence for the De Harmonia Tonorum of Wulfstan of Winchester. Mediaevalia 14 (1988): 23-38.

Ludarius: Slang and Symbol in the Life of St. Máedóc of Ferns. Studia Monastica 30 (1988): 291-304.

Warrior Initiation and Some Short Celtic Spears in the Irish and Learned Latin Traditions. Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History 11 (1989): 87-108.

A Cut Above: Ration and Station in an Irish King's Hall. Food and Foodways 4 (1990): 89-110.

Images of Enchainment in the Hisperica Famina and Vernacular Irish Texts. Études Celtiques 27 (1990): 221-34.

The Motif of Wrestling in Early Irish and Mongolian Epic. Mongolian Studies 13 (1990): 153-68.

Sports Injuries and the Law in Early Ireland. Ludi Medi Ćvi 2 (1990): 4-5.

Cú Chulainn, the Heroic Imposition of Meaning on Signs, and the Revenge of the Sign. Incognita: International Journal for Cognitive Studies in the Humanities 2 (1991): 79-105.

Early Irish Attitudes Towards Hair and Beards, Baldness and Tonsure. Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 44 (1991): 154-89.

Textual Notes on Descriptions of the Old Irish Chariot and Team. Studia Celtica Japonica 4 (1991): 15-35.

Cláen Temair: Sloping Tara. Mankind Quarterly 32 (1992): 241-60.

Concepts of Eloquence in Tochmarc Emire. Studia Celtica 26/27 (1991-92): 125-54.

The Deficient Ruler as Avian Exile: Nebuchadnezzar and Suibhne Geilt. Ériu 43 (1992): 217-22.

Games, Sport and Para-Military Exercise in Early Ireland. Aethlon: The Journal of Sport Literature 10 (1992): 105-23.

Guin agus Crochad agus Gólad: The Earliest Irish Threefold Death. In Celtic Languages and Celtic Peoples: Proceedings of the Second North American Congress of Celtic Studies, Halifax, 1989. Eds Cyril Byrne, Margaret Harry and Pádraig Ó Siadhail. Halifax: D'Arcy McGee Chair of Irish Studies, St. Mary's University, 1992. Pp. 65-82.

Charting Conceptual Space: Dumézil's Tripartition and the Fatal Hostel in Early Irish Literature. Mankind Quarterly 34 (1993): 27-64.

Conventional Descriptions of the Horse in the Ulster Cycle. Études Celtiques 30 (1994): 233-49.

Diet and Fantasy in Eleventh-Century Ireland: The Vision of Mac Con Glinne. Food and Foodways 6 (1994): 1-17.

Severed Heads Under Conall's Knee (Scéla Mucce Meic Dathó). Mankind Quarterly 34 (1994): 369-78.

Supernatural Pseudonyms. Emania 12 (1994): 49-60.

Homeric Echoes in Táin Bó Cúailnge? Emania 14 (1996): 65-73.

Tripartition in the Early Irish Tradition: Cosmic or Social Structure? In Indo-European Religion after Dumézil. Ed. Edgar C. Polomé. Journal of Indo-European Studies Monograph Series 16. Washington: Institute for the Study of Man, 1996. Pp. 156-83.

Contracting for Combat: Flyting and Fighting in Táin Bó Cúailnge. Emania 16 (1997): 49-62.

Kingship and the Hero's Flaw: Disfigurement as Ideological Vehicle in Early Irish Narrative. Disability Studies Quarterly 17 (1997): 263-67.


Róimid Rígóinmit, Royal Fool: Onomastics and Cultural Valence. Journal of Indo-European Studies 33 (2005): 41-51.


Portraits of the Ulster Hero Conall Cernach: A Case for Waardenburg's Syndrome?  Emania 20 (2006): 75-80.


Medieval Irish Language and Literature: An Orientation for Arthurians.  Arthuriana 17 (2007): 70-80.

The Deficient Ruler: Proxies, Witnesses and the Instruments of his Fate. In Essays on the Early Irish King Tales: Rígscéla Érenn. Ed. Daniel M. Wiley. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2008.


Fusion and Fission in the Love and Lexis of Early Ireland.  In Words of Love and Love of Words in the Middle Ages. Ed. Albrecht Classen. New York: Routledge, 2008 (forthcoming).


Irish Studies.  In Handbook of Medieval Studies: Concepts, Methods, Historical Developments, and Current Trends in Medieval Studies, ed. Albrecht Classen.  Berlin and New York: de Gruyter, 2008 (forthcoming).



Irish and Norse

The Old Irish Bóand/Nechtan Myth in the Light of Scandinavian Evidence. Scandinavian-Canadian Studies / Études scandinaves au Canada 1 (1983): 63-78.

Gilbogus in Manx Latin: Celtic or Norse Origin? Celtica 17 (1985): 29-32.

Konungs skuggsjá: Irish Marvels and the King's Justice. Scandinavian Studies 57 (1985): 147-61.

An Irish Perspective on Ibn Fadlan's Description of Rus Funeral Ceremonial. The Journal of Indo-European Studies 16 (1988): 173-81.

Kjartan's Choice: The Irish Disconnection in the Sagas of the Icelanders.Scandinavian-Canadian Studies / Études scandinaves au Canada 3 (1988): 89-114.

Portraits of the Ruler: Óláfr pái Höskuldsson and Cormac mac Airt. The Journal of Indo-European Studies 17 (1989): 77-97.

An Irish Descriptive Topos in Laxdćla Saga. Scripta Islandica 41 (1990): 18-34.

The Three Wounds: Tripartition as Narrrative Tool in Ireland and Iceland. Incognita: International Journal for Cognitive Studies in the Humanities 1 (1990): 50-90.

Úath mac Imomain (Fled Bricrend), Óđinn, and Why the Green Knight is Green. Mankind Quarterly 30 (1990): 307-16.

Women's Work and Words: Setting the Stage for Strife in Medieval Irish and Icelandic Narrative. Mankind Quarterly 31 (1990): 59-86.

Airdrech, Sirite and Other Early Irish Battlefield Spirits. Éigse 25 (1991): 45-55.

Clontarf, and the Irish Destinies of Earl Sigurđr of Orkney and Ţorsteinn Síđu-Hallsson. Scandinavian Studies 63 (1991): 164-86.

Serial Defamation in Two Medieval Tales: Icelandic Ölkofra ţáttr and Irish Scéla Mucce Meic Dathó. Oral Tradition 6 (1991): 35-57.

Bragi Boddason, the First Skald, and the Problem of Celtic Origins. Scandinavian-Canadian Studies / Études scandinaves au Canada 5 (1992): 1-18.

Soundboxes of the Divine: Hœnir, Sencha, Gwalchmai. Mankind Quarterly 33 (1992): 57-67.

Irish Perspectives on Heimdallr. Alvíssmál 2 (1993): 3-30.

Spiritual Navigation in the Western Sea: Sturlunga saga and Adomnán's Hinba. Scripta Islandica 44 (1993): 30-42.

Vinland, the Irish, "Obvious Fictions and Apocrypha." Skandinavistik 23 (1993): 1-15.

Deployment of an Irish Loan: ON verđa at gjalti `to go mad with terror'. Journal of English and Germanic Philology 93 (1994): 151-76.

Management of the Celtic Fact in Landnámabók. Scandinavian Studies 66 (1994): 1-25.

Vífill - Captive Gael, Freeman Settler, Icelandic Forbear. Ainm 6 (1994-95): 46-55.

The Etymology and Semantics of Old Norse knörr `cargo ship': The Irish and English Evidence. Scandinavian Studies 68 (1996): 279-90.

Gunnarr, his Irish Wolfhound Sámr, and the Passing of the Old Heroic Order in Njáls saga. Arkiv för nordisk filologi 112 (1997): 43-66.

Hostellers in Landnámabók: A Trial Irish Institution? Skáldskaparmál 4 (1997): 162-78.

The Nickname of Björn buna and the Celtic Interlude in the Settlement of Iceland. Ainm 7 (1996-97): 51-66.

Old Norse Nautical Terminology in the "Sea-Runs" of Middle Irish Narrative. Studia Celtologica Upsaliensia 4 (2001): 29-63.

A Swedish Traveler on an Irish Stage Set: Snorri Sturluson's Gylfaginning. Keltische Forschungen (forthcoming).


GERMANIC

German

Scapulimancy in the Medieval Baltic. Journal of Baltic Studies 23 (1992): 57-62.

Breaking the Deer and Breaking the Rules in Gottfried von Strassburg's Tristan. Oxford German Studies 32 (2003): 1-52.

Celtic Echoes and the Timing of Tristan's First Arrival in Cornwall (Gottfried von Strassburg).  Neuphilologische Mitteilungen (forthcoming).


Norse

Weather Gods, Syncretism and the Eastern Baltic. Temenos: Studies in Comparative Religion 26 (1990): 105-14.

Sexual Identity, Cultural Integrity, Verbal and Other Magic in Some Episodes of Laxdćla saga and Kormáks saga. Arkiv för nordisk filologi 107 (1992): 131-55.

A Scurrilous Episode in Landnámabók: Tjörvi the Mocker. Maal og Minne (1993): 127-48.

Steingerđr's Nicknames for Bersi (Kormáks saga): Implications for Gender, Politics and Poetics. Florilegium 12 (1993): 33-54.

The Arctic Desert (Helluland) in Bárđar saga. Scandinavian-Canadian Studies / Études scandinaves au Canada 7 (1994): 1-24.

Njáll's Beard, Hallgerđr's Hair and Gunnarr's Hay: Homological Patterning in Njáls saga. TijdSchrift voor Skandinavistiek 15 (1994): 5-31.

The Honor of Guđlaugr Snorrason and Einarr ţambarskelfir: A Reply. Scandinavian Studies 67 (1995): 536-44.

Poetry and Social Agency in Egils saga Skallagrímssonar. Scripta Islandica 46 (1995): 29-62.

Power, Magic and Sex: Queen Gunnhildr and the Icelanders. Scandinavian-Canadian Studies / Études scandinaves au Canada 8 (1995): 57-77.

Alien and Alienated as Unquiet Dead in the Sagas of the Icelanders. In Monster Theory: Reading Culture. Ed. Jeffrey Jerome Cohen. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996. Pp. 242-63.

Principled Women, Pressured Men: Nostalgia in Fljótsdœla saga. Reading Medieval Studies 22 (1996): 21-62.

Unique Nicknames in Landnámabók and the Sagas of the Icelanders: The Case of Ţorleifr kimbi Ţorbrandsson. Scandinavian-Canadian Studies / Études scandinaves au Canada 9 (1996): 48-71.

From Crown to Toe: Working the Wheel of Fortune in Medieval Scandinavia. Arachne 4 (1997): 123-59.

Psychological Warfare in Vinland (Eiríks saga rauđa). In Papers in Honor of Jaan Puhvel. 2 vols. Journal of Indo-European Studies Monograph Series 20-21. Washington: Institute for the Study of Man, 1997. Vol. 2. Studies in Indo-European Mythology and Religion. Eds Edgar C. Polomé and John Greppin. Pp. 235-64.ǒ

Sexual Defamation in Medieval Iceland: gera meri ór einum `to make a mare of someone.' NOWELE 30 (1997): 27-37.

The Ship heiti in Snorri's Skáldskaparmál. Scripta Islandica 49 (1998): 45-86.

Blćju ţöll - Young Fir of the Bed-Clothes: Skaldic Seduction. In Menacing Virgins: Representing Virginity in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Eds Kathleen Coyne Kelly and Marina Leslie. Newark: University of Delaware Press, and London: Associated University Presses: 1999. Pp. 31-49, 201-06.

Scarfing the Yard with Words: A Note on Fostbrœđra saga. Scandinavian Studies 74 (2002): 1-18.

Danish Maids and Anchor-Rings in a Skaldic Stanza from the Saga of Haraldr harđráđi. The Journal of Indo-European Studies 31 (2003): 1-13.

Fracture and Containment in the Icelandic Skalds' Sagas.  Medieval Forum 3 (2003) <<http://www.sfsu.edu/~medieval/Volume 3/Sayers.html>>

Gender Ambiguity in Late Medieval Iceland: Legal Framework and Saga Dynamics. Scandinavian Canadian Studies 14 (2002-2003): 1-27.

Karlsefni's húsasnotra: The Divestment of Vinland. Scandinavian Studies 75:3 (2003): 341-50.

Onomastic Paronomasia in Old Norse: Technique, Context, and Parallels. Tijdschrift voor Skandinavistiek 27 (2006): 91-127.

The Skald's Death Abroad: Kormák and the Scottish blótrisi. Arkiv fǒr nordisk filologi 121 (2006): 161-72.

What’s in a Nonce?  Nautical Lexis in Orms ţáttr Stórólfssonar.  Scandinavian Studies 78 (2006): 111-28.

Ethics or Pragmatics; Fate or Chance; Heathen, Christian or Godless World? (Hrafnkels saga). Scandinavian Studies 79 (2007): 385-404.


Old & Middle English

Norse Weaves and Irish Woolens: ME Falding. American Journal of Germanic Linguistics and Literatures 4 (1992): 43-54.

Exeter Book Riddle No. 5: Whetstone? Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 97 (1996): 387-92.

The Etymology of Middle English oreven `oar blank.' The Mariner's Mirror 84 (1998): 322-25.

Two Nautical Etymologies: killick `small stone anchor' and drake `male duck.' ANQ 12 (1999): 3-6.

The Etymology of tinker, with a note on tinker's dam. English Language Notes 39:2 (2001): 10-12.

A Norse Etymology for luff `weather edge of the sail.' The American Neptune 61:1 (2001): 25-38.

Chaucer's Shipman and the Law Marine.  The Chaucer Review 37:2 (2002): 145-58.

Some International Nautical Etymologies.  The Mariner's Mirror 88 (2002): 405-22.

Grendel's Mother, Icelandic Grýla, and Irish Nechta Scéne: Eviscerating Fear. Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium 16 & 17 (1996-7). Ed. John T. Koch. Andover, MA, and Aberystwyth: Celtic Studies Publications, 2003.  Pp. 256-68.

The Scend of the Sea: Etymology.  The Mariner's Mirror 89 (2003): 220-22.

Fret 'sudden squall, gust of wind; swell,' sea fret 'sea fog,' haar 'cold sea fog.'  Notes & Queries  51 (2004): 351-52.

In Troubled Etymological Waters: rade in Middle English, Anglo-Norman, French, and Beyond.  Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 105 (2004): 357-62.

Middle English woodwose: A Hybrid Etymology? ANQ 17 (2004): 12-20.

Middle English and Scots bulwerk and Some Continental Reflexes.  Notes & Queries 250 (2005): 164-70.

Ćschere in The Battle of Maldon: Fleet, Warships' Crews, Spearmen, or Oarsmen? Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 107 (2006): 199-205.

Exeter Book Riddle 17 and the L-Rune: British lester 'vessel, oat-straw hive'?  ANQ 19 (2006): 4-9.

Celtic, Germanic and Romance Interaction in the Development of Some English Words in the Popular Register.  Notes and Queries 54 (2007): 132-40.

Chaucer's Description of the Battle of Actium in The Legend of Cleopatra and the Medieval Tradition of Vegetius's De re militari.  The Chaucer Review 42 (2007): 76-90.

Fourteenth-Century English Balingers: Whence the Name?  The Mariner's Mirror 93 (2007): 4-15.

Grendel's Mother (Beowulf) and the Celtic Sovereignty Goddess.  Journal of Indo-European Studies 35 (2007):  31-52.

The Old English Antecedents of ferry and wherry. ANQ 20 (2007): 3-8.

Sailing Scenes in the Work of the Pearl Poet (Cleanness, Patience). Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 63 (2007): 129-55.

Scantlings.  The Mariner's Mirror 93 (2007): 493-97.

The Origin and Early History of furl. The Nautical Research Journal 53 (2008): 31-34.

Bastard and basket: The Etymologies Reviewed.  Leeds Studies in English (forthcoming).

Cei, Unferth, and Access to the Throne.  English Studies (forthcoming).

Skimmer: A Transient Late Medieval Term for 'Pirate.'  The Mariner's Mirror (forthcoming in 2008).

The Wyvern. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen (forthcoming).

Anglo-Norman and Middle English Terminology for Spindle Whorls (under review).

Anglo-Norman noces Glossed kisses in Walter of Bibbesworth’s 13 c. Treatise (under review).

An Early Set of Bee-Keeping Words in French and English (under review).

The Etymologies of dog and cur (under review).

King Alfred's Timbers (under review).

Pest: Interaction in English and Scots (under review).

Trusty Trout, Humble Trout, Old Trout: A Curious Kettle (under review).

Walking Home from the Fish-Pond: Local Allusion in Walter of Bibbesworth’s 13 c. Treatise for English Housewives (under review).

Whirligigs, Gigs, and Giggles (under review).

PREMODERN AND MODERN

August Strindberg, "Mĺste," from Giftas, edited with an introduction, notes, glossary, and illustrations, 65 p. (unpublished).

Gulliver's Wounded Knee. Swift Studies 7 (1992): 106-09.

C. S. Lewis and the Toponym Narnia. Mythlore 84 (1998): 54-55, 58.

A Treatise from Enlightenment Sweden on `Teaching the Mute to Read and Speak.' The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 4 (1999): 321-30.

Proust's Prescription: Sickness as Pre-condition for Writing (with Lois Bragg). Literature and Medicine 19 (2000): 165-81.  After her change of name, Edna's web page is now found at http://www.EESayers.com.

The Dory on the Mosquito Coast and Grand Banks. The American Neptune  62:1 (2002): 111-17.

Joe Hill's `Pie in the Sky' and Swedish Reflexes of the Land of Cockaigne. American Speech 77 (2002): 331-36.

Malarkey and its Etymology.   Western Folklore 61 (2002): 209-12.

Some Fishy Etymologies: Eng. cod, Norse ţorskr, Sp. bacalao, Du.  kabeljauw.  NOWELE 41 (2002): 17-30.

Cyclopedia of Literary Places (Pasadena: Salem,  2003): entries for Primo Levi, If Not Now, When?; James Stephens, Deirdre; August Strindberg, Miss Julie, pp. 273f., 518f., 688f.

Eastern Prospects: Belvederes, Kiosks, Gazebos.  Neophilologus 87 (2003): 299-305.

Sog, soggy: Etymology.  Notes & Queries 17 (2004): 124-26.

Wetymologies: limber, scupper, bilge. The Mariner's Mirror 90 (2004): 390-97.

The Etymology of queer. ANQ 18 (2005): 15-18.

The Origin of fink 'informer, hired strikebreaker.' ANQ  18 (2005): 50-54.

Scones, the OED, and the Celtic Element of English Vocabulary. Notes & Queries 52 (2005): 447-50.

Crank and careenNotes & Queries 53 (2006): 306-08.

The Etymology of Iroquois: 'Killer People' in a Basque-Algonquian Pidgin or an Echo of Norse Írland it miklaOnomastica Canadiana 88 (2006): 43-56.

Gardens of Horror and Delight: Hawthorne's "Rappaccini's Daughter" and Boccaccio's Decameron. Nathaniel Hawthorne Review 32 (2006): 30-42.

"Ils appellent le soleil Iesus": Linguistic Interaction among Montagnais, Basques and Jesuits in New France. Onomastica Canadiana 89 (2007): 53-63.

Lubber, landlubber.  Notes and Queries 54 (2007): 376-79.

The Ancestry of John Doe (under review).

At Fours and Fives: Carfax and QuincunxNotes and Queries (forthcoming).

Contested Etymologies of Some EnglishWords in the Popular Register.  Studia Neophilologica (forthcoming).

Hoon, coon, and boong in Peter Temple's Detective Fiction. Antipodes (forthcoming).

Mackerel and penguin: International Words of the North Atlantic. NOWELE (forthcoming).

Moniker: Etymology and Lexicographical History. Miscelánea (forthcoming).

Naming and Renaming the Grampus.  Reading Medieval Studies (forthcoming).

Pest: Interaction in English and Scots (under review).

Ţođer and top in the Old English Apollonius of Tyre (under review).

Trusty Trout, Humble Trout, Old Trout: A Curious Kettle (under review).


JAMES JOYCE (bibulogruffito off pier-refused oracles)

A Schoolmaster's June Day Walk Round the City: Joyce and Strindberg's Albert Blom. Studia Neophilologica 61 (1989): 183-92.

Aweghost Stringbag in Finnegans Wake. The James Joyce Quarterly 27 (1990): 859-62.

Molly's Monologue and the Old Woman's Complaint in James Stephens's The Crock of Gold. James Joyce Quarterly 36 (1999): 640-50.

Gat-toothed Alysoun, Gaptoothed Kathleen: Sovereignty and Dentition.  Hypermedia Joyce Studies 6 (2005), <<http://geocities.com/hypermedia_joyce/contents.html>>.

Affirmative Diction in Joyce and James Stephens. The James Joyce Quarterly 42-43 (2006): 327-32.

Virtual Nudes Descending a Staircase:  Giacomo Joyce and Strindberg's Le plaidoyer d'un fouHypermedia Joyce Studies 8 (2007), <http://hjs.ff.cuni.cz/main/essays.php?essay=sayers>.

Best the Mythographer, Dinneen the Lexicographer: Muted Nationalism in Scylla and CharybdisPapers on Joyce [Spain] 12 (2006): 7-24.

"Tincurs tammit!": Joyce, Travelers, and Shelta . Hypermedia Joyce Studies 8.2 (2007). http://www.geocities.com/hypermedia_joyce.

The Russian General, Gargantua, and  Writing of "wit's waste". Joyce Studies Annual (forthcoming).

"A faded print of Heenan boxing Sayers" (Ulysses 10.831f.) (under review).

"The blond cop" (FW, 186.17): Richard Irving Best, Ill-informed Admirer of Wilde (under review).


NON-REFERREED SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATIONS

Discussion (with Lois Bragg) of the tailoring term sloper, published under the title "From the etymological sleuths" in Threads 84 (Summer, 1999).

An etymological note on the name Galtachan for a string of skerries west of the Shiant Isles in the Hebrides, posted to the Guestbook at www.shiantisles.net, March, 2002.

Barbozettes. The Mariner's Mirror 90 (2004): 105.

Horse Latitudes.  The Mariner's Mirror 90 (2004): 473-75.

Certificate of Servitude.  The Mariner's Mirror 91 (2005): 103.

Gregor Sarrazin, Three Studies Relating to Beowulf and Lejre 1886-1910 [translated from German], in Beowulf and Lejre, ed. John Niles (Tempe, Arizona: ACMRS, 2006), pp. 435-47.

Dutch Admirals: Readers' Replies. Notes & Queries 53 (2006): 360-61.

Translation of a German folktale collected by Muellhoff on the Beowulf theme, for Other Versions, ed. Marijane Osoborn, ANQ (under review).

 

SHIPS AND THE SEA IN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

Spiritual Navigation in the Western Sea: Sturlunga saga and Adomnán's Hinba. Scripta Islandica 44 (1993): 30-42.

The Etymology and Semantics of Old Norse knörr `cargo ship': The Irish and English Evidence.  Scandinavian Studies 68 (1996): 279-90.

Norse Nautical Terminology in Twelfth-Century Anglo-Norman Verse. Romanische Forschungen 109 (1997): 383-426.

The Etymology of Middle English oreven `oar blank.'  The Mariner's Mirror 84 (1998): 322-25.

The Ship heiti in Snorri's Skáldskaparmál. Scripta Islandica 49 (1998): 45-86.

Textual Evidence for Spilling Lines in the Rigging of Medieval Scandinavian Keels.  International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 28 (1999): 343-54.

Two Nautical Etymologies: killick `small stone anchor' and drake `male duck.'  ANQ 12 (1999): 3-6.

Dante's Venetian Shipyard Scene (Inf. XXI), Barratry, and Maritime Law.  Quaderni d'Italianistica 22 (2001): 57-79.

A Norse Etymology for luff `weather edge of the sail.' The American Neptune 61 (2001): 25-38.

Old Norse Nautical Terminology in the `Sea-Runs' of Middle Irish Narrative.  In Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium of Societas Celtologica Nordica, Studia Celtologica Upsaliensia 4 (2001): 29-63.

Chaucer's Shipman and the Law Marine.  The Chaucer Review 37:2 (2002), 145-58.

OFr. atoivre `nautical accoutrements, fittings'.  Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 103 (2002): 103-08.

Scarfing the Yard with Words (Fostbrœđra saga): Shipbuilding Imagery in Old Norse Poetics.  Scandinavian Studies 74 (2002): 1-18.

Some Fishy Etymologies: Eng. cod, Norse ţorskr, Sp. bacalao, Du. kabeljauw.  NOWELE 41 (2002): 17-30.

Some International Nautical Etymologies.  The Mariner's Mirror 88 (2002): 405-22.

Danish Maids and Anchor-Rings in a Skaldic Stanza from the Saga of Haraldr harđráđi. The Journal of Indo-European Studies 31 (2003): 421-33.

The Dory on the Mosquito Coast and Grand Banks.  The American Neptune 62 (2003): 111-17.

Karlsefni's húsasnotra: The Divestment of Vinland. Scandinavian Studies 75 (2003): 341-50.

The Lexis of Naval Tactics in Muntaner's Crňnica. The Catalan Review 17:2 (2003): 177-91.  To be reprinted in Medieval Ships and Warfare, ed. Susan Rose, The International Library of Essays in Military History, ed. Jeremy Black (London: Ashgate, 2008).

The Scend of the Sea: Etymology.  The Mariner's Mirror 89 (2003): 220-22.

Ships and Sailors in Gaimar's Estoire des EngleisModern Language Review 98 (2003): 299-310.

Some Problems of Technical Vocabulary in the Tristan Corpus: Archery (Béroul), Seafaring (Thomas). Tristania 22 (2003): 1-22.

Fret 'sudden squall, gust of wind; swell, ' sea fret 'sea fog,' haar 'cold sea fog.'  Notes & Queries 51 (2004.): 351-52.

Horse Latitudes.  The Mariner's Mirror 90 (2004): 473-75.

In Troubled Etymological Waters: rade in Middle English, Anglo-Norman, French, and Beyond.  Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 105 (2004): 357-62.

Lexical Evidence for Medieval Trade in Precious Materials: Old French rohal, Middle English roel `walrus (and narwhal?) ivory.'  NOWELE 43 (2004): 101-19.

Naval Architecture in Marie de France's Guigemar.  Germanisch-Romanische Monatsschrift 54 (2004): 379-91.

Sails in the North: Further Linguistic Considerations.  The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 33 (2004): 348-50.

Sea-changes in the Roman de Tristan of Thomas and Dante's bufera infernal (Inferno 5). Romance Quarterly 51 (2004): 67-71.

Wetymologies: limber, scupper, bilge. The Mariner's Mirror 90 (2004): 390-97.

The Etymology of Late Latin malina `spring tide' and ledo `neap tide.'  Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch 40 (2005): 35-43.

Middle English and Scots bulwerk and Some Continental Reflexes.  Notes & Queries 250 (2005): 164-70.

"Or da poggia, or da orza" (Purg. 32): Nautical Deixis in Dante's CommediaThe Romanic Review 96 (2005): 67-84

Twelfth-Century Norman and Irish Textual Evidence for Ship-Building and Sea-Faring Techniques of Scandinavian Origin.  The Heroic Age  8 (2005): at <<www.heroicage.org>>.

Ćschere in The Battle of Maldon: Fleet, Warships' Crews, Spearmen, or Oarsmen? Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 107 (2006): 199-205.

Arthur's Embarkation for Gaul in a Fresh Translation of Wace's Roman de BrutRomance Notes 46 (2006): 143-56.

Crank and careenNotes & Queries 53 (2006): 306-08.

A Critical Appraisal of Sailing Scenes in New Editions of Le Conte de Floire et Blancheflor, La Vie de Saint Gilles, le Roman de Tristan and the Folies Tristan. Nottingham French Studies 45 (2006): 86-103.

Naval Tactics at Battle of Zierikzee (1304) in the Light of Mediterranean Praxis.  Journal of Medieval Military History 4 (2006): 74-90.

The Use of Quicklime in Medieval Naval Warfare.  The Mariner's Mirror 92 (2006): 262-69.

What’s in a Nonce? Nautical Lexis in Orms ţáttr Stórólfssonar.  Scandinavian Studies 78 (2006): 111-28.

Chaucer's Description of the Battle of Actium in The Legend of Cleopatra and the Medieval Tradition of Vegetius's De re militari.  The Chaucer Review 42 (2007): 76-90.

Fourteenth-Century English Balingers: Whence the Name?  The Mariner's Mirror 93 (2007): 4-15.

Lubber, landlubber.  Notes and Queries 54 (2007): 376-79.

The Old English Antecedents of ferry and wherry. ANQ 20 (2007): 3-8.

Sailing Scenes in the Work of the Pearl Poet (Cleanness, Patience). Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 63 (2007): 129-55.

Scantlings. The Mariner's Mirror 93 (2007): 493-97.

The Origin and Early History of furl. The Nautical Research Journal 53 (2008): 31-34.

Le Far de Meschines - The Strait of Messina: The Origin and History of the Toponymical Term.  Journal of Romance Studies (forthcoming).

Naming and Renaming the Grampus.  Reading Medieval Studies (forthcoming).

A Nautical Term in Vegetius's De re militari: Classical Antecedents and Medieval Heritage. Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch (forthcoming).

Skimmer: A Transient Late Medieval Term for 'Pirate.' The Mariner's Mirror (forthcoming in 2008).

Mackerel and penguin: International Words of the North Atlantic. NOWELE (forthcoming).

TRANSLATIONS

Ulla-Bell Thorin, Robbed of Language [Berövat Sprĺk] (unpublished; manuscript seized in a bankruptcy case).

 

Jean-René Presneau, Sign Language and the Instruction of the Deaf in Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century France [Signes et Institution des Sourds: XVIIIe-XIXe sičcle] (awaiting placement).

 

Horst Biesold, Crying Hands: Eugenics and the Deaf in Nazi Germany [Klagende Hände: Betroffenheit und Spätfolgen in bezug auf Das Gesetz zur Verhütung erbkranken Nachwuchses, dargestellt am Beispiel der «Taubstummen»], Washington: Gallaudet University Press, 1999.

 

Henri-Jacques Stiker, A History of Disability [Corps infirmes et sociétés], Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999.

 

Henri Gaillard, Gaillard in Deaf America: A Portrait of the Deaf Community, 1917 [Mission des sourds-muets français aux États-Unis], Washington: Gallaudet University Press, 2002.

 

Sylvie Courtine-Denamy, The House of Jacob [La Maison de Jacob: La langue pour seule patrie], Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003.

 

Daniel Dubuisson, The Western Construction of Religion [L'Occident et la religion], Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.

 

Adam Rayski, The Choice of the Jews under Vichy: Between Submission and Resistance [Le choix des Juifs sous Vichy: entre soumission et résistance], Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, in collaboration with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2005.

 

Gerhart M. Riegner, Never Despair [Ne jamais désespérer: soixante années au service du peuple juif et des droits de l'homme], Chicago: Ivan Dee, in collaboration with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.

 

Walter Pohl, The Avars [Die Awaren: Ein Steppenvolk im Mitteleuropa 567-822 n. Kr.], Ithaca: Cornell University Press (at press).

 

ETYMOLOGIES AND WORD HISTORIES

balinger (pinnace)
barbozettes
barratry
basket
bastard
berling (sill beam for the frame of a ship's tent)
bilge
bitch
boondocks
boondoggle
boong (Australian)
bozo
bucekarl (mercenary seaman)
bulwark
capperbar
careen
carfax
cod(fish)
court-bouillon
cove
crack
cracker
crank
cur
curmudgeon
dog
dory
drake
Dutch Admirals
far (strait in Norman French)
ferry
fink
flamenco
freak
fret (gust of sea air)
furl
gazebo
gig
giggle
gimp
gofer
grampus
gringo
haar 
haggis
hobo
hoon (Australian)
honeycomb
"horse latitudes"
holystone
John Doe
killick
larboard
limber
lodeman (pilot)
luff
majo (from Spanish)
mackerel
malarkey
mano (Spanish bro', pal)
(mast)top
mutt
Narnia (C. S. Lewis)
"old trout"
oreven (oarblank)
penguin
pest
"pie in the sky" (Joe Hill)
pooch
queer
quincunx
roads (sheltered anchorages)
sail
scend (of the sea)
scone
scupper
skep (coiled-straw bee-hive)
skimmer (pirate)
sloper (customized tailoring pattern)
sog, soggy
studdingsail
tinker 
top (spinning top)
trout (as in "old trout")
tyke
upties (halyards)
vato (Spanish dude, guy)
wafer
waffle
werne (spindle whorl)
wherry
whirligig
wimp
wimple
wiseacre
wisecrack
woodwose
wyvern

1 May, 2008 (Beltaine)

For further information or your comments,
drop me a line at ws36@cornell.edu .


William Sayers
Comparative Literature,
    Medieval Studies, and Olin Library
Cornell University

Mailing address:
P.O. Box 176
Willard, NY 14588
USA